Violence Is Preventable And Extremely Imperative For Us Essay

Violence is preventable and extremely imperative for us to detect the early signs of it. We need to take all prevention strategies for an account. For example, primary, secondary, and tertiary preventions are an appropriate approach for this matter. Dating violence is the topic that is going to be discussed in this reading. I decided to write about this topic because many people are in the dark when it comes to dating violence, and the substantial effects of it. Allow me the opportunity to expand your horizon on this particular topic. There have been quite a few cases where women press charges on their significant other after being battered in unhealthy relationships. I always hear about situations like this through the media never in real life. It’s sad to say that a very close friend of mind was one of those women in a vicious relationship. I thought to myself why would you continue to stay in an abusive relationship for so long. Some people (victim or perpetrator) believe abuse is normal; they grew up in abusive homes. Some individuals stay in abusive relationships for financial support. â€Å"Violence perpetrated against women by a male intimate partner is 10 times more likely than violence perpetrated against men by a female intimate partner†. I would like to learn methods that people can use to prevent a violent relationship, and if there are any psychological correlation on why people decide to stay in those unhealthy relationships. Bradshaw ,CP., Debnam ,KJ., JohnsonShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse During The United States Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagestreatment. While society is becoming more aware of the problems associated with substance abuse, it still is seen by many as a moral defect or lack of individual will-power. With the vast impact substance abuse has on the health care system, it is imperative this issue is addressed and discussed in ways to best treat those who suffer from addiction and substance abuse problems. The Issue and Literature Search The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates substance abuse, whether it is smokingRead MorePaper on Work Place Safety10014 Words   |  41 Pagesnecessary in all fields of endeavour. In table 1, we see all forms of industrial activities; from small household activities and jobs to larger mining, quarrying and manufacturing industries, accidents are prominent in all industries It is therefore, imperative to study in depth, seeking to find the causes of accidents in various industries with view of eradicating workplace accidents. Some reasons for Workplace Safety include; - Prevention of work place accidents which can lead to injuries, loss ofRead MoreHealth, Safety and Welfare in Ecce Setting19648 Words   |  79 Pagesperson due to factors like lack of experience, the young person should not be employed. Violence in the workplace The possibility of violence towards employees should be addressed in the safety statement. For example, factors like the isolation of employees and the presence of cash on the premises need to be taken into account. Proper safeguards should be put into place to eliminate the risk of violence as far as possible and the employee should be provided with appropriate means of minimisingRead MoreHealth, Safety and Welfare in Ecce Setting19648 Words   |  79 Pagesperson due to factors like lack of experience, the young person should not be employed. Violence in the workplace The possibility of violence towards employees should be addressed in the safety statement. For example, factors like the isolation of employees and the presence of cash on the premises need to be taken into account. Proper safeguards should be put into place to eliminate the risk of violence as far as possible and the employee should be provided with appropriate means of minimisingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPoint/Counterpoint Power Corrupts People 436 Questions for Review 437 Experiential Exercise Understanding Power Dynamics 437 Ethical Dilemma Corporate Spying 438 Case Incident 1 Delegate Power, or Keep It Close? 438 Case Incident 2 The Persuasion Imperative 439 xvi CONTENTS 14 Conflict and Negotiation 445 A Definition of Conflict 446 Transitions in Conflict Thought 447 The Traditional View of Conflict 447 †¢ The Interactionist View of Conflict 447 †¢ Resolution-Focused View of Conflict

Sex Education Is More Beneficial Than Abstinence Only...

All over the world in classrooms, households, churches and sometimes in every day life sex education is a topic on people’s minds. Whether this topic is taught in detail rather than in avoidance of the action is the debate we need to have. It is almost impossible to go all of our lives without being exposed to some level of education of sexual activity. Sometimes that education is associated with positivity and other times it is comparable to the sin of all sins. Sex education is more beneficial than abstinence only education because those taught to avoid it have no information on how to safely go about it when their urges surface, as well associating fear of sin and holding them to pledges of virginity can harm young adult’s decision†¦show more content†¦She also made it very clear that she does not dispute her actions, but instead fully realizes them and wishes to use them as a learning opportunity for her kids, and adolescents around the world. Anyone who wi shes to pass on information to another person, similar to the work that teachers do, will always delve into the information they feel is most important, but what is truly important can be perceived in many different ways. The safety issues that arise with abstinence only education are numerous. Young adults will not know anything about the action itself let alone the precautionary steps that every person should take before engaging in intercourse. It is almost impossible for teens to know the countless risks that threaten them when a condom is not in play. As well they have no idea how permanent a lot of those risks are. In abstinence only education it can only be hoped that they have heard something about sexually transmitted diseases, or pregnancy rates in relation to sexual activity and if they have this almost always would be very surface level information. With this situation being setup young teens, who will no doubt face their sexual urges during a very dynamic time in their bodily development, will then go in blind and act on impulse rather than accompanying their urges with cautious thought. Sex education

Oppression free essay sample

The Holocaust began in 1941 and ended in 1945. The Holocaust was a Nazi Germany movement in which the Jewish people were persecuted and ostracized. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi party during this time, resented the Jewish people. He resented them because he believed they were the cause of Germany’s defeat in World War 1. He believed that only Aryans, his idea of the perfect race, belonged in Germany. The Aryan race can be described as a subdivision of the much larger Caucasian race.They had blond hair and blue eyes and were considered to be pure blood. After pointing out that the Jews were a minority in Germany, it was easy for Hitler to convince the people that the Jews were aliens in the country. After convincing the people that the Jews didn’t belong, it was easy for him to move the Jews to the ghettos. While in the ghettos, the people were beaten by the German soldiers and the scarce food supply led to the starvation if many. We will write a custom essay sample on Oppression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One might say that the ghettos could be paralleled to the Indian reservations.Like the Indians, the Jews were forced to leave their homes to live in an organized area. The Indian reservations may not have been as strict as the ghettos in Germany, but they both served the same purpose. The purpose of the reservations and ghettos was simply to contain the people. unlike the ghettos of Germany, reservations had a lasting form of income, the casinos; the Jews were not as fortunate. The Jews in the ghettos had trouble finding work to support their families. Eventually the Jews were moved into work camps, also known as concentration camps. These work camps could be paralleled to the slavery of the African Americans. The Holocaust drew from Slavery in many ways. Like Slavery, the concentration camps of the Holocaust were forced labor regiments. They were both a way for the oppressors to get what they wanted; the slaves worked in the fields to grow crops and the Jews had to build the walls that confined them to the camps. Like the slaves, the Jews were beaten; the only difference is that the Jews were being exterminated as well.While in the concentration camps the Jews were essentially slaves. They were forced to work for no compensation, subjected to extreme rationing, and executed. The Holocaust is one of the worst forms of oppression we have seen, in fact it was much more than just oppression; it was genocide. Almost six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, which is much more than we had seen before. The Holocaust may be over now, but the scars of what happened still remain.

Woodrow Wilson Wouldnt Yield free essay sample

Academic Flanagan United States History II Professor Houseman October 21, 2014 section 330 After reading Thomas A. Baileys article on Woodrow Wilson Wouldnt Yield, I feel this quote best represents exactly what Woodrow Wilson stood for. He was a man who wanted peace and would not yield for anyone or any country unless it was best for him and our country. In Thomas A. Baileys article, his argument that Willows fourteen points and most notably the League of Nations wasnt passed not Just cause of the points themselves.But because of Willows failure to see little changes and revisions to his plans, the League would have fallen through, instead of pitfall in the Senate like it did. On March 4, 1919 39 Senators or Senators-Elect, more than enough to defeat the treaty-published a round robin to the effect that they would not approve the League of Nations in its existing form. Bailey also argues that Willows character, in that his huge desire for morality and idealism, we also much to lame for his stubbornness in keeping the League of Nations unrevised or compromised upon. We will write a custom essay sample on Woodrow Wilson Wouldnt Yield or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Something that Bailey really touches on is Willows desire for his League of Nations was so strong that he inevitably handicapped himself in order to get his message out to the public. When he went touring the United States speaking in public places about the League of Nations, he ended up putting his body in such stress that half of his body became paralyzed. The high point and the breaking point f the trip came at Pueblo, Colorado, where Wilson, with tears streaming down his cheeks, pleaded for his beloved League of Nations. That night Willows weary body rebelled. He was whisked back to Washington, where he suffered a stroke that paralyzed the left side of his body. Wilson worked incredibly hard and his desires for the League where so strong, his personal interest where at no interest to himself. The last thing and most evident thing in was Willows huge compassion for this issue. If e didnt have as big of heart he would have never gone overseas to see it through, or put his body up to extreme situations to make sure his opinions were heard. At that time no President had ever gone abroad, and Republicans condemned the decision as evidence of a dangerous Messiah complex-of a desire, as former President Taft put it, to hog the whole show . Wilson obviously felt responsible for making the world moral, and that responsibility may have been handed to him divinely. This article, truly shows the importance of a determination and going above and ended to achieve a common goal.Wilson was a very stubborn man and always wanted his points to come out on top. People made fun of him and did not take him seriously which, was one of the reasons he had such a problem with his fourteen points, but he did not let that stop him, which why I admire his compassion and work ethic. He made a lot of scarifies and did all he could for our nation, and that itself truly embarks the traits of a true and compassionate leader, yet along U. S. President.

To Accompany Essay Example

To Accompany Paper With the enhancements of technology, global transactions and competition between accountancy firms, professional accountants now provide various consultancy engagements to maintain their competitive advantage. The expanded role of professional accountants has resulted in accountants carrying out tasks which may include risks, management, personnel, consulting investment, controls and investigation. Following recent significant corporate collapses and their relationship to auditors and accountants discharging their responsibilities, there have been spate of regulatory and profession reforms that are designed to restore confidence to OTOH the public and the profession. The concept of audit independence is being examined critically in respect of its relevance and contribution to the public interest. The impact of the expanded role include: Increased public scrutiny of the fees payable to and the independence of auditors; Increased opportunities for auditors and accountants to be involved in the management of businesses, with the increasing risks to independence, Increased government regulations and professional regulations regarding the tasks performed, quality control and scope of auditors work. Increased acceptance of the importance of auditor independence. What role does ASIA have in the regulation of auditors? We will write a custom essay sample on To Accompany specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Accompany specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Accompany specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ASIA has a significant role in the regulation of auditors. ASIA is the statutory administrative body for the enforcement of the Corporations Act 2001. Government regulation is exercised through ACACIAS surveillance program Which involves the scrutiny of all aspects of the financial statements of listed and some non-listed Australian public companies. The Objective Of this surveillance program is supplemented by an auditors review program and a liquidators review program. ASIA has the following powers and influence over the regulation of auditors: Registration by individuals, firms and companies as auditors; The audit inspection program enforced by the ASIA which covers the auditor rotation program, the policies and work practices of auditors; and Audit independence issues. This statutory body also has the power to impose a penalty on registered auditor or liquidator if he/she is found to be guilty of failing to discharge duties properly. It the auditor is deemed to be not a tit and proper person, his/her registration can be cancelled or suspended, such as bankruptcy, What are the different types of audit activities that an auditor may perform? Discuss. Audits are generally classified into different types of activities ? Financial statement, compliance, performance, comprehensive and environmental audits, Auditors may also be performing internal audit as an assurance engagement. The objective of a financial statement audit is to enable the auditor to express an opinion as to Whether the financial Statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework. The financial statement audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about n entitys financial affairs so as to establish the degree of correspondence between the managements assertions and the established criteria, such as legal requirements and accounting standards. This type of audit is performed by independent auditors appointed by the shareholders of the company, or by equivalent proprietors of non-incorporated entities whose statements are being audited. Auditors must be qualified and able to exercise their skills in an independent and objective manner. The nature and extent of the audit examination are provided in Part MM. 3, Division 3, Audit and Auditors Report, of he Corporations Act. A compliance audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether certain financial or operating activities of an entity conform to specified conditions, rules or regulations, The established criteria in this type of audit may come from a variety of sources. Management, for example, may prescribe policies (or rules) pertaining to overtime work, participation in a superannuation plan, and conflict of interests. Compliance audits based on criteria established by management may be undertaken often during the year. Business enterprises, to-for-profit organizations, government units and individuals are required to prove compliance With many regulations. In many instances, the audit opinion issued under the requirements of the Corporations Act has elements of a compliance audit, where the auditor is required to express an opinion on the companys compliance with the provisions of the Corporations Act. Corporate and individual taxpayers comply With the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cloth), as amended, in filling out their annual tax returns. In the public sector, the term regularity audit is used to denote an examination hat reports on the legality and control of operations and the integrity photoset dealing with public funds, including the expression of an opinion on an entitys compliance with statutory requirements, rules, ordinances or directives that govern its activities. A performance audit is an audit of all or part of an entitys or entities activities to assess economy and/or technical and/or effectiveness. It involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about the efficiency, economy and effectiveness of an entice/s operating activities in relation to specified objectives. This type of audit activity can be undertaken in the private or public sector, by an internal or external auditor, or as an one-off project or an ongoing engagement. Sometimes performance audit may also be referred to as a value-for-money (VPN), operational or management audit. The term performance audit is usually applied in the public sector, with some application in the private sector; the other terms are common to both private and public sectors. The Australian National Audit Office (NANA) defines a performance audit as: an independent and systematic examination of an organization, program or function for the purposes f: ; forming an opinion about: whether the organization, program or function is being managed in an economical, efficient and effective manner; and the adequacy Of internal procedures for promoting and monitoring economy, efficiency and effectiveness; and ; suggesting ways by Which management practices, including procedures for monitoring performance, might be improved. Comprehensive auditing occurs when an auditor undertakes a range of audit and related services for a client -? a scenario that is more common in the public sector. A comprehensive audit encompasses the elements of a financial tenement audit, a compliance audit and a performance audit. Environmental matters may have an impact on the financial statements. Some examples of environmental matters affecting financial statement accruals, the impairment of assets, disclosures or the basis of preparation include: ; a pollution prevention system, of which the cost may be accrued for remediation costs ; liability relating to transportation of, or contamination by, hazardous waste ; the obsolescence of inventory due to environmental laws and regulations. Auditors are required to carry out their environmental audit with an attitude f professional skepticism, recognizing that the audit may reveal conditions and events that would lead to questioning whether the entity is complying With relevant environmental laws and regulations. The environmental audit is a recent trend and normally involves a review or an agreed-upon procedures engagement Internal audit is defined as an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organizations operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, ND governance processes. How does the profession/government ensure that external company audits are performed at an appropriate level of quality? Every profession is concerned about the quality of its services, and the public accounting profession is no exception. Quality audits are essential to ensure that the profession meets its responsibilities to clients, to the general public and to regulators who rely on independent auditors to maintain the credibility of financial information. To help assure quality audits, the profession and the regulators have developed a multilevel regulatory framework. This framework encompasses many of the activities of the private and public sector organizations associated with the profession. For the purpose of describing the framework, these activities may be organized as follows: ;Standard setting: The JABS issues Standards, Guidance Notes and other guidance to provide clear standards for auditing and assurance services, and for review and Other related services. The professional bodies and AFC issue ethical codes to establish and monitor the performance Of professionalism and ethical behavior Of professional accountants. ; Firm regulation: Each public practice entity adopts policies and reoccurred to ensure that practicing accountants adhere to professional standards. Self- or peer regulation: The accounting profession has implemented a comprehensive program of self. Regulation (including mandatory continuing professional education) and a program of quality control and practice reviews. ; Government regulation: The FRR, ASIA and CALEB, along with the courts, courts monitor and regulate auditor independence and conduct. The quality control standards help firms to achieve quality practice at firm and individual levels, The quality control standards include: Miscellaneous professional statements (Pass); APPEASE regarding conformity with auditing and assurance standards; and ASSAYS (ISAACS) which identifies the responsibilities of an engagement partner and engagement team in an audit engagement. Brim regulation involves with the implementation of a system of quality control within firms. They typically include elements such as leadership responsibilities, ethical requirements, systems in acceptance and continuance of client relationships, proper allocation of human resources, control of engagement performance and monitoring and quality reviews. On the Other hand, self-regulation is imposed by the professional bodies using artifice of practice, continuing professional education requirements, and reviews. In addition to these, the government practices overall surveillance through ASIA, with reference to the registration and monitoring of auditors by the CALEB. Â  Lindsey L] used the following sentence in the 1895 London and General Bank case. How would you describe the relevance of the auditors role in present times? His business is to ascertain and state the true financial position of the at the time of the audit, and his duty is confined to that.. Rayon The role of the auditor has changed considerably since the time of the London ND General Bank case. These changes have been brought about by changes in statute and common law and by changes in community attitudes and expectations. The auditors role is still very relevant in terms of adding credibility to financial statements. Nowadays, auditors also offering a broader range of assurance services to satisfy the information needs of doffs users of financial information. Examples of this broader range of services include performance audits and environmental audits. 1. Discuss the different types of assurance which may be obtained in an assurance engagement. Reasonable assurance engagement: The objective of a reasonable assurance engagement is to reduce the assurance engagement risk to an acceptably low level, With the aim to arrive at a positive form of expression of conclusion. Limited assurance engagement: Limited assurance engagement aims to reduce the assurance engagement risk to a level that is acceptable in the circumstances of the engagement but where that risk is greater than for a reasonable assurance engagement, as the basis for a negative form of expression of opinion. What are the limitations, if any, off financial statement audit? A financial statement audit is performed in accordance with AS 200 Objective and General Principles Governing an Audit of a Financial Report. There are inherent limitations in any audit. These limitations include the use of testing, reliance on internal control structures, the possibility of collusion and the tact that most audit evidence is persuasive rather than conclusive. Regardless of the type of audit, a professional subjective judgment will be used in gathering and evaluating evidences and forming the relevant conclusion. These inherent limitations also mean that the auditor cannot achieve a zero engagement risk. Therefore, an absolute assurance is not possible in a financial report audit. An enhancing role Of auditors has developed where the audit expertise is used widely to assist the clients needs. What are your views concerning the role described, with particular reference to the appearance of audit independence? The enhancing role described is a logical extension of the auditors traditional role, in order to meet the changing expectations of users of financial statements in recent years. Auditing has also progressed from a compliance role to a value- adding role to management and business. Along with increasing competition among firms and cost}efficiency pressure, auditors often provide consulting services to audit clients. Hence there is a blurring or relationship with clients. The public confidence of audit independence had been in decline as a result of high profile corporate and audit failures, partly due to the wide range of services that were performed by the auditors involved in these cases, and partly due to the lack of effective corporate governance. However, legislators, the profession and the audit firms all have been working hard to push for reform to restore inference, independence and integrity to the profession. Recent examples of significant reform to audit independence are The enactment of Serbians-Solely Act in US; Big Pour Firms such as KEMP and Presumptuousnesss have separated their management consulting and assurance services by selling their consultancy arm to a third party; and A mandatory cooling Off period for retiring partners joining the board of their audit clients and a mandatory rotation of engagement partners. What is meant by a comprehensive audit? Should a comprehensive audit be carried out by an independent auditor? A comprehensive audit encompasses the elements of a financial report audit, a compliance audit and a performance audit. It is most commonly undertaken in the public sector through the office of the Auditor General, A comprehensive audit would normally be carried out by an independent auditor, in either the public sector or the private sector. I . 0 How do you think the corporate collapses have influenced the role of auditing in recent years? The corporate collapses in US and Australia have had a fundamental impact to the role of auditing in recent years. Recent events have led closer public scrutiny n the role of the auditor, the audit independence and the methodology on how an audit is carrying out. That is, there is greater understanding the expectation gap between the public and the auditing profession and the acknowledgement by the profession that it needs to reduce this gap. Significant steps hue been made to influence the enhancing role of auditor to that of a convergence role, Which emphasizes the following: A clear Objective to enhance and maintain the integrity of the profession; Clearly address the auditor interest to the public is as important as to the client, such as safeguarding independence by eliminating ample relationship with audit clients (i. E. Omit to audit only); Reiterate ethical governance; A clear distinction of audit and non-audit engagements carried out by auditor, this leads to legislation and self regulation being established to a ban on certain non-audit services for audit clients; Stronger regulation on auditors and audit firms as well as tougher enforcement on non-compliance; Return to a more rigorous audit of substantive matters, rather than limit to the testing of internal controls; Increasing the forensic nature of audit and stronger awareness of report fraud; Relate audit risks to business risk Professional application questions Audit objectives Required Discuss the current changes in the objectives of auditing, identifying the expanded roles of professional accountants and some of the reasons attributable to the changes. The traditional audit role was a conformance role. Audits focused on finding errors in balance sheet accounts and on stemming the growth Of fraud. The detection of fraud had a very important emphasis. As companies began to grow and become more complex during the nineteenth century, the detection Of fraud came an unrealistic objective although was still generally perceived as one of the main objectives of a financial report audit. The difference in perception of responsibilities and reality were addressed in the case of Kingston Cotton Mill co(1896) 2 Chi. 0279. Lopes, L] said of auditors: He is a watchdog, but not a bloodhound. Elf there is anything calculated to excite suspicion, he should probe it to the bottom but, in the absence of anything of that kind, he is only bound to be reasonably cautious and careful This effectively stated that it is impossible to detect all fraud as part of the audit. Auditing standards place the following requirements on auditors: The auditor should plan the audit to have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements that have a material impact on the financial report (ii not all fraud). The auditor should report any irregularities (including fraud) even if the effect on the financial report is expected to be immaterial. In conclusion, the primary Objective Of an audit is to express an opinion as to whether the financial report is prepared, in all material respects, in accordance With an identified financial reporting framework. The Objective to detect fraud is n the context of the auditors opinion. Also in recent years, the role of the auditor has expanded to meet the changing expectations of users of financial statements. This expanded role is evidenced by the wide range of assurance services now offered by auditors. 1. 2 Independence Based on the series of accounting crisis and corporate collapses in the early sass, discuss the importance of maintaining independence by an auditor. Audit Independence is the cornerstone of auditing. Independence is the essence that underlies the success and credibility of the accounting profession and its service to the public. Maintaining independence allows the auditing and accounting profession to be self-regulated, a highly prestigious character, This objectivity permits the profession to perform its attestation and monitoring functions effectively. Independence is also a key component of the agency theory of auditing. In the management shareholder agency relationship it is important that the monitoring function (audit) is and is seen to be separate from management, for it to be a ;value added service. I . 3 Standard setting a. Comment on an auditors ability and methods in attesting the credibility of uncial statements prepared by the governing party of an organization. Due to formal training and experience, the auditor has the ability, credibility and authority under Corporations Law, to undertake attestation of financial statements. At minimum, an auditor who carries out an audit must be a current registered member of CPA Australia and ACACIA. In accordance with the requirements laid down in the various Auditing Standards, the auditor plans the nature, timing and extent of procedures to be followed to arrive at a positive expression of an opinion under the requirements of AS 200 and AS 220. B. Explain what type of assurance an auditor should provide in a financial statements audit. A financial statements audit is one that expresses an opinion on written assertions and thus the audit level of assurance is expressed as a positive opinion. The financial statement audit provide a reasonable level Of assurance which enhances the credibility of the information provided by the party responsible for the matter, such as in the audit report on financial statements under the Corporations Act 2001. While the assurance of the financial statement audit is objective, it is subject to a number of inherent limitations. Some of these limitations include time lapse, audit testing based on selective samples, a subjective assessment of materiality, and that where there are highly specialized areas, the auditors may need to seek external advice regarding the subject matter being audited. 1. 4 Regulatory trademark a) One component of this framework is the oversight ability of the FRR, Identify the type of work that is performed by the FRR which aims to enhance the quality and independence of professional services Section 225 of the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Act egg lists the function of the FRR. They include: Â  Overseeing the setting of accounting standards in Australia; Â  Appointing members of the AAAS other than the chair; Â  Giving directions to the SAAB on matters of general policy and procedures; Monitoring the operation of accounting standards to assess their continued relevance and effectiveness in achieving their objectives; Â  Monitoring the effectiveness of auditor independence requirements in Australia; Â  Reporting to the minister and giving advice about continuing Steps to enhance auditor independence; and Monitoring disciplinary procedures of accounting bodies.

BIOPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH PAPER

BIOPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH PAPER Free Online Research Papers According to the National Institute Mental Health (NIMH) booklet (2008), Bipolar disorder is commonly known for a manic-depressive illness. This is caused by a brain disorder that usually shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and carried out day by day. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. The different norms that can go from up or down moods. Bipolar symptoms can damage a healthy relationship, job and school performance, and even suicidal. People with bipolar disorder can live a productive life with the proper treatment. Bipolar disorder can be diagnosis in early teens or early adult years. Before the age of 25 there has been some case studies diagnosis with bipolar disorder. Some people may have been diagnosis in their early childhood, while others have been diagnosis in their late adult years. Bipolar disorder is hard to determine in the beginning. The symptoms are hard to recognize because the problems are separated. The diagnosis may have placed the problem in a different category. People may have suffered over years before getting treatment or diagnosis. This is a long-term illness and must be treated like diabetes or heart diseases. Symptoms People with intensive mood episodes are commonly diagnosis for bipolar disorder. There state of mind is like an emotional roller coaster. Several episodes a person could have being bipolar (NIMH booklet, 2008). Manic episode: a person who is overly joyful or overexcited. Depressive episode: a person who is extremely sad or hopeless state. Mixed episode: a person who has both manic and depression. During a mood episode a person may also become irritated and explosive. Bipolar disorder may also cause a long lasting experience in unstable moods. Most of the day or nearly every day a person with bipolar disorder may experience a number of manic or depression episodes. This could last between one or two weeks. Some of the symptoms are so severe that a person cannot perform correctly on the job or school. According to Veronica fisher (2007), the other episodes that determine bipolar disorder, hypomania and severe mania. Hypomania is a person with increased energy and activity levels. They also feel good, function well and very productive. Family and friends may recognize some of the symptoms. But people with hypomania are in denial about their actions. Hypomania without the proper treatment could lead to severe mania or depression. In a mixed episode a person could have trouble sleeping, become agitated, appetite change and suicidal. People with bipolar disorder may have severe episodes that may cause manic or depression. Psychotic symptoms also occur in people with bipolar disorder. The symptoms can be from hallucinations and delusions. People with psychotic symptoms have extreme reflected moods. Some diagnosis can be determined wrong. People with psychotic behavior are often diagnosis of being schizophrenia because of the hallucinations and delusions. People with bipolar disorder may also have behavior problems and substance abuse with alcohol or drugs. Their relationships and poor work habits may also be affected by it. Diagnostic challenges According to NIMH booklet (2008), people try to treat their bipolar symptoms with substance abuse. This pro-long the process by triggering the behavior control. The mania result causes a person to drink too much. Other disorders that can be diagnosis with bipolar disorder are: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) Social phobia Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) These symptoms may overlap with bipolar disorder and cause a restless and easy distracted area. Other diseases can also be determined in bipolar patients such as: thyroid disease, migraine headaches, heart diseases, obesity and other physical illnesses. These illnesses may cause mania or depression. Some of these illnesses may cause a problem in diagnosis and treatment (NIMH Booklet 2008). Common assessing tools A person with bipolar disorder must take the first step to see a doctor. After seeing a doctor a physical exam an interview is given. Lab tests are being ran to determine if any illnesses are found. Once blood work has been found negative and no signs of stroke or brain tumor the doctor can begin mental health evaluation. A referral may also be provided to a trained mental health professional, who is experienced in diagnosis and treatment. Family history should be discussed during evaluation to determine if any history of bipolar disorder or mental illnesses. An interview should also be given to close family or friends. People with mania or hypomania symptoms are more likely to seek help. A medical history should be carefully examined to assure that bipolar disorder is not mistakenly diagnosis or treated. Most effective treatment Bipolar disorder has not been properly cleared for a cure. No cure for the disorder and most people depend on the proper treatment to control their mood swings and related symptoms. Bipolar does have a lifetime recurrent illness and people are diagnosis need a lifetime supply of treatment. Medication and psychotherapy are an effective treatment plan that helps prevent relapse and symptom severities. Having a daily life chart can help the doctor keep track of the patient’s mood, treatment, sleep patterns and life events (NIMH Booklet 2008). According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2007), some of the medication may have some side affect that may cause a trauma or severe illness. The following medications are: Mood stabilizers Atypical Antipsychotics Antidepressants Psychotherapy is another word for â€Å"talk† therapy. In talk therapy it provides support, education, and guidance to people and their family who are diagnosis with bipolar disorder the psychotherapy treatments are (NIMH Booklet, 2008): Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) this helps people with bipolar disorder to change negative thought patterns to positive. Family-focused therapy involves the family and it educates the family on recognizing early behavior before it reoccurs. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy helps improves people with bipolar disorders relationships with others and it manages their daily routines. Psychoeducation educates people with the disorder about the illness and treatment. It also helps them to recognize a sign if a relapse seeks early. Developmental or breakthrough within five years According to NIMH (April 2007), â€Å"A clinical trial called Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) was funded. In this study researchers compared two large groups. In the first group was treated with collaborative care (three sessions of Psychoeducation over six weeks). The second group was treated with medication and intensive psychotherapy (30 sessions over nine months of CBT, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, or family-focused therapy)†. According to the researchers they found that the second group had fewer relapses than the first one also there was a lower hospitalization rates and they felt better about sticking to the treatment. NIMH believes that by supporting this research more cases can be solved through combinations of psychotherapy and medication. They want people to live a symptom free life from being by bipolar. They want to help research determine more accurate results of delaying the start of bipolar disorder in children and adults that are at high risk to get the illness. Reference Akiskal, HS. (2005). Mood Disorders: Clinical Features. in Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan Sadocks Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: Philadelphia Bizarre JV, Sbrana A, Rucci P, May 2007, â€Å"The spectrum of substance abuse in bipolar disorder: reasons for use, sensation seeking and substance sensitivity. P. 213-220. Fisher, Veronica. (March 2007). â€Å"Different Bipolar Disorder Symptoms of the Manic and Depressive Phases.† P.1-2 Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. (2007) Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, Second Edition. Oxford University Press: New York. Kessler RC, Berglund P., June 2005, â€Å"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Co morbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62(6):593-602. 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Enterprie Architecture (Enterprise 2.0 memo) Essay

Enterprie Architecture (Enterprise 2.0 memo) - Essay Example That means the collective intelligence will help employees find information and reach solutions in a much easier way. Secondly, it ensures effective flow of information which results in satisfactory decisions in a compliant manner. On the one hand, the opinion of customers and other stakeholders is available and on the other, the need for compliance is analyzed by availing the necessary information. That means, the decisions taken will be compliant with the rules and regulations and, at the same time, free from skepticism from various stakeholders. In fact, proper communication with stakeholders in the financial sector helps improve company image. As the information regarding various decisions and transactions remain transparent to the stakeholders, they feel increased participation in the decision-making process. As the stakeholders get a chance to express their opinion about various decisions, Enterprise 2.0 becomes the most effective way of communication with stakeholders. Moreover, as each stakeholder gets a chance to know the opinion of many other stakeholders, the company executives will save a lot of time which they usually spend detailing the plans to each and every stakeholder. Also, the ratings provided by the existing consumers will encourage new potential investors as the opinion of the existing consumers is the most influencing factor. Yet another important point is the need to recruit and train new Gen Y people. It seems that the new recruits will be more inclined towards gathering information from electronic sources rather than printed ones. That means, the company needs to develop such an image where information flow is electronic, transparent, accessible and user-friendly. Such an image will help recruit new people, and once selected, the new recruits will find it easy to get access to information and solution as they remain in touch with peers, policy